How We Face The Demographic Bonus

THE DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS

Demographic bonus is a condition where the population of productive age is greater than the number of non-productive age population. Such conditions have positive values and large profits if managed professionally. Conditions in which the population of productive age is greater than the non-productive age means that the potential population dependency burden will decrease if the excess of the potential demographic bonus is managed and utilized properly.

Indonesia has experienced demographic bonuses since 2012, according to the peak calculation in 2028-2030. It is estimated that the proportion of the population of productive age can increase to 68.1% in 2028-2030. This means that the population of unproductive age is borne by 100 people of productive age, ranging from 46.9%. This phenomenon is a tremendous potential in Indonesia's economic growth. Europe and America have experienced this phenomenon and succeeded in using it. Several other countries that have experienced the bonus demographic phenomenon and are able to utilize it include Thailand, Taiwan and Korea which are able to increase economic growth between 10-15%.

This phenomenon occurs because of the demographic transition process that developed over the past few years, which was accelerated by the success of the government in reducing fertility rates, improving quality in the field of education and health and the success of development programs since the New Order era to the present.

When the fertility rate decreases, per capita growth to meet the needs of the age population of children can be diverted to improve human quality. At the same time, the small number of children opens up opportunities for women to enter the labor market which will increase family productivity. Indonesia is predicted to get this golden opportunity starting in 2015. The Demographic Bonus is certainly a blessing for Indonesia. Indonesia will enjoy the peak of this window of opportunity in the 2020-2030 period, with the lowest dependency ratio reaching around 44 to 46 percent. After that, this demographic bonus will slowly disappear due to the increasing proportion of elderly people.

There are many benefits that Indonesia will feel when it can prepare for the optimal demographic bonus period, including:

1.      Human Resources (Human Resources) Aspects

The Demographic Bonus will be a pillar of increasing the productivity of the Indonesian state, provided that many active human resources work.

2.      Economic Aspects

Demographic Bonuses can increase economic growth through the use of productive human resources.

3.      Social Aspects

The Demographic Bonus can improve the welfare of society as a whole because of the abundance of the working age population so that it will benefit development in Indonesia.

The urgency of the problem of bonus demography has been the concern of the Indonesian government, the President is seeking national awareness which is part of the national program of NAWACITA. In the direction of national policy. This policy has been changed and translated by national policy makers in the ranks of the department, by restoring synergistic steps and synchronizing their respective policies with a demographic bonus approach.

Based on the polls while affirming that there is a consideration of national development growth, then the existence of a social component in this case should be prepared by young people to prepare the quality of Indonesian human resources (Softskill), while at the same time opening up and interacting with demographic bonus discourses. In the course of its orientation, the understanding of bonus demographics must be looked at thoroughly and lead to an increase in the fulfillment of the priorities of population development which are focused on Indonesia's human development.

Daftar Pustaka
Jati, R. Wasisto. (2015). Bonus Demografi Sebagai Mesin Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Jendela Peluang atau Bencana di indonesia. Vol 23, No 1 (2015) .